What HPLC Testing Can Show
Last updated: July 2026 · Research-use information only
What HPLC is
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) is a widely used analytical method that separates the components of a sample as they pass through a column at different rates. Each component appears as a peak, and the relative size of the peaks is used to estimate purity.
What HPLC can indicate
- An estimate of purity based on the main peak relative to total detected peaks.
- The presence of additional detectable substances (impurity peaks).
- Consistency between batches when the same method is applied.
What HPLC does not do on its own
HPLC separates and quantifies detectable components but does not, by itself, confirm the molecular identity of a peak. That is why HPLC is often paired with mass spectrometry (LC-MS) when identity confirmation is needed. HPLC also does not assess sterility, endotoxins, or heavy metals; those require separate tests.
Reading an HPLC result
Look for a stated purity percentage, a chromatogram showing the peaks, and the batch and date that tie the result to a specific sample. A percentage with no chromatogram or method context is difficult to evaluate.
Compare records that reference HPLC and other methods in the COA analysis directory.
Frequently asked questions
Does HPLC confirm identity?
Not by itself. HPLC estimates purity by separating detectable components. Identity confirmation typically uses mass spectrometry, often as LC-MS.
Can HPLC detect every impurity?
No. It detects substances that respond under its conditions. Some impurities may require different methods, which is why records sometimes combine methods.
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